ABSTRACT
This research work discusses issues in tourism to
protected areas/parks. Emphasis is given to the relationships between the
globally growing numbers of parks, the rise in tourism to those parks and its
economic impacts, and finance and management policies used within the parks.
In-depth consideration is given to park pricing policies, park tourism
competencies, the need for better visitation/visitor statistics, and new
tourism management structures. The development of parastatal management
structures with greater links between tourism competencies and conservation
management techniques is seen to be central to the creation of both successful
parks and sustainable tourism within those parks. This research work used a
survey methodology and the analysis was done with the SPSS package.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nature-based tourism is a large and growing global
industry, partially dependent upon the attributes of the natural environment
and especially that occurring in parks and protected areas. It is heavily
dependent upon two fundamental components: (1) appropriate levels of
environment quality, and (2) suitable levels of consumer service.
Several countries have nature-based tourism as a key
component of their most important export industry, tourism. The economic
importance of the tourism industries in these countries is leading to more
thoughtful policy and institutional development. Australia, Tanzania and New
Zealand are examples especially worthy of note.
The national ecotourism strategy for Nigeria
succinctly summarises the background to the aggressive and successful policy
development in the country. Ecotourism is shown to offer the potential to
generate foreign exchange earnings, employment, and other economic and social
benefits, particularly in regional areas. It presents Nigeria with the
opportunity to make the most of its competitive advantage, with its spectacular
and diverse natural features, unique flora and fauna, and diverse cultural
heritage. Ecotourism can also provide resources for environmental conservation
and management and an incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of
public and private land (Allcock et al., 1994). To ensure the success of the
national policy, the Nigerian government committed A$10,000,000 over four years
for the implementation of the strategy. Following the national lead, each state
started to develop a similar regional policy, the latest being the one for
Tinapa Villa (Tourism land, 1999).
Increasing foreign visitation to Nigeria throughout
the 1990s and the associated impacts on parks and protected areas led to
increased emphasis on tourism management in protected areas (Worboys, 1997;
Worboys et al., 2001).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
Nigeria with her with rich and unique array of
ecosystems, and a great variety of wild fauna and flora can attract such
tourists too, if only the national parks in the country are promoted as tourist
destinations.
Each of the national parks in the country namely Chad
Basin, Cross River, Gashaka Gumti, Kamuku, Okomu, Old Oyo and Kainji, all have
their peculiar animal and plant resources.
Nigeria’s National Parks have wide variety of
interesting sites, for example, cultural, historical, archaeological unique
ecosystems, and other biophysical attractions for all types and classes of
visitors including scientists and researchers.
Today, Travels and Tourism presents some of the unique
features of some of Nigeria’s national parks.
CROSS RIVER NATIONAL PARK
It covers a total area of about 4000sq km of mainly
primary moist tropical rainforest ecosystem in the North and central parts, and
mosaic vegetation on the Obudu Plateau. It is Nigeria’s last Great Rainforest
Reserve, and the closest to the Mangrove Swamps on the coastal region.
Wilderness experience: A trip to the Park is primarily
important for exploring one of the oldest rainforest in the world. The dense
canopy, the tree trunks with their huge buttresses, the coolness of the
environment, the freshness of the air and the sweet songs of the forest can
never fail to lift even the most casual visitor into that tranquil realm of the
soul.
OKOMU NATIONAL PARK
Okomu National Park is the smallest of the seven
National Parks in Nigeria. The Park is a rainforest ecosystem gazetted from the
former Okomu Forest reserve in 1935. Today, the Park is a good habitat for
numerous endangered flora and fauna species.
Okomu is a home of forest elephants, buffaloes, red
river hogs, chimpanzees, leopards, bush baby, putty nosed guenon, porcupine,
pangolins, duikers, antelopes among others.
The white throated monkey which is one of the rarest
monkeys in the world today is found at the park as well. Butterflies and birds
are abundant making it one of the best places for bird watching in Nigeria.
The two tree houses (Old and New) the old tree house
built on a 140 feet Silk Cotton tree, while the new tree house with 110 feet
height also has 30 meters walkway. Both tree houses were to facilitate
sighting, from which a panoramic view of the Park could be observed.
Nature trails
There are network of nature trails leading to all
areas of interest in the Park. The nature trails afford visitors a walk through
a scenic forest ecosystem that facilitates sighting of wide range of plants and
animals species.
GASHAKA-GUMTI NATIONAL PARK
It is located in the mountainous region of
north-eastern Nigeria adjacent to the international border with Cameroon, and
immediately to the north of Mambilla Plateau. The park is the largest and most
scenic of all the seven National Parks.
The Park experiences varying pleasant weather
conditions, depending on one’s location within the Park.
Fishing sport: Gashaka-Gumti has ideal spots for
sport-fishing, one of which is at Mayo Kam near the Hippo-pool. In the dry
season the water is crystal clear and one can easily see different varieties
ranging from Tiger, Cat fish, Nile perch ,Tilapia fish gliding in the water.
Mountaineering
Gashaka Sector of the Park has rugged undulating
mountain terrains, excellent for mountaineering and cave exploration. It
contains the highest mountain summit in Nigeria the “Chappal Waddi”, which
literally means “ the mountain of death” standing at an altitude of 2,400
meters’ above sea level. It is located in the Gotel mountain range. It is
characterized by steep, forested slopes, deep plunging valleysand waterfalls.
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