CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Hotel industry is one of the largest industries in the
tourism sector which has played a vital role in the hospitality industry especially
in providing tourist with the needed comfort in any tourist destination (Laws,
1995). It is an agent of economic and social change, a service-based industry
of creating employment and income (World Tourism Organization, 1997). This
industry is made up of production units which engaged in providing different
service such as entertainment, lodging, production and distribution of goods
and services to meet individual satisfaction (Isang, 2001). According to Ugal
(2007) hotel industry is an engine of poverty alleviation, it generate a number
of additional guest facilities such as restaurant, a swimming pool or childcare
and social function services which provide revenue use to service other sectors
and also for other auxiliary services. Today, must of the hospitality industry
such as hotels in Turkey have 5,005 rooms and with a hotel manpower straight of
about 2,000 men and women employed to ensure guest comforts (Yu, 1994). Richter
(1981) affirm that hotel is an attractive way to generate scarce foreign exchange,
create jobs for semi-skilled and unskilled labour. In Cross River State over
one thousand five hundred hotels established and duely registered by Cross
River State tourism bureau are located in the three senatorial districts
(Larry, 2005). According to him, the industry has a total manpower of over 5000
skilled and unskilled workers who provided the needed services to ensure
tourist comfort. This industry has created multiplier effect especially in the
establishment of business outfits such as recharge operators, restaurants,
laundry services and catteries which become a source of their livelihood
(Aniah, 2009). However, the rise and fall of the industry pose a serious
problem as most of the hotels have folded up and workers laid off. Beside,
despite the number of hotels in Calabar much has not been felt by the people.
Could one say that the industry has not contributed to the wellbeing of the
people? What role is the industry playing in poverty alleviation in Cross River
State. Therefore, this paper wish to assess the impact of the hotel industry in
poverty alleviation with respect to yearly tourist arrivals, reasons for
tourist visit to Cross River State as a tourist destination, length of stay,
employment level in the various hotels, revenue generation in the hotels and
the monthly remuneration paid to staff in the industry. However, in Cross River
State, hotel industry are point of attraction due to the modern facilities and
services delivery which are of great interest to fun seekers and tourist (Lalopa,
2005).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
Hospitality means providing service to others, as well
as demonstrating consistent excellence and quality. It should also mean
profitably providing value at any price level, while demonstrating your own
unique points of distinction. Most of all, hospitality should be a “place”,
where people can still be exceptional individuals and they can extend their own
personality and style (Hogan, 2008).The hospitality industry is part of a huge
group of companies known as travel and tourism industry, which provides the
necessary or desirable goods and services to travelers. The hospitality and
tourism industries are the largest and fastest-growing industries in the world
(Walker, 2010).
The hospitality businesses make continuous efforts for
maintaining a positive image along with great guest service. It appears that
quality service is the basis to industry success. Thus, those organizations
that focus on quality become the leaders for on-going guest satisfaction,
creating loyalty and influencing
The growth of the global tourism industry is immense,
with international arrivals growing by 51 percent over the last ten years, from
594 million in 1997 to an estimated 898 million in 2007 (UNWTO, 2008). In terms
of tourism expenditure, a total of US$733 billion was spent in 2006, marking an
increase of US$372 billion since 1996 (UNWTO, 2008). Based on this performance,
it is forecasted that the world tourism arrivals will continue to increase in
the coming years and reach 1.6 billion tourists by the year 2020.
In line with the overwhelming pace of tourism growth,
tourism and hospitality have become an important source of employment for many
countries, making it one of the key employers in the global economy.
According to the estimates from the World Travel and
Tourism Council (WTTC) in 2004, tourism generates around 214.7 million jobs
worldwide (or 8.1% of world employment) and accounts for over 10% of global
gross domestic product (GDP). Employment in the world’s tourism and hospitality
industry in 2007 is also estimated at 8.3% of total world employment, with 231
million jobs, or one in every 12 jobs worldwide. These figures clearly indicate
that the role of tourism and hospitality as a job provider is significant. With
more countries, especially those at the developing stage, giving priority
towards making tourism an important income generator.
Since the late 1980s tourism has received considerable
attention in the economic development strategy of Nigeria. The number of
tourist arrivals and amount of tourists’ expenditure has steadily increased,
while both public and private investment activity in various tourism
sub-sectors have expanded. The government established a Ministry of Tourism in
1993 to underscore its commitment to tourism development, and with assistance
from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Tourism
Organisation (WTO). Tourism is a major social phenomenon of the modern society
with enormous economic consequences. Its importance as an instrument for
economic development and employment generation particularly in remote areas and
a positive step for poverty elimination has been accepted the world over.
In Nigeria, tourism is one of the important subsectors
in the services sector. It is young and a developing industry in Nigeria.
Traditionally, the major foreign exchange earners of Nigeria are gold, timber
and cocoa.
However, Nigeria has shifted focus from
over-dependence on these traditional commodities and sees tourism as a
potential to become the number one foreign exchange earner. Tourism is placed
third in terms of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria. The tourism sector has
the potential to contribute to economic growth. This can be seen in the areas
of employment creation as well as income generation potential. Thus, the
tourism subsector has shown that it can contribute significantly to Gross
Domestic Product, private sector investment, employment and export
diversification, and contribution to foreign exchange earnings [The State of
the Nigeria economy (SGE), 1991].
1.2STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
Unemployment rates are particularly high among
graduate and especially among school leaves, giving rise increasingly to the
problems of "educated unemployment". Paradoxically, graduate
unemployment seems to be correlated with levels of education attained in some
cases. This is particularly true for school leavers in, for example, Nigeria
where the proportion of the unemployed with secondary education increased from
24 to 51 percent between 1974 and 1985. graduate employment rates are probably
3 - 4 times higher than those of older workers, and in many countries in the
region open unemployment among graduate as a group in the labour could be as 40
- 50 percent.(John Obi Steve 2001, ‘Nigerian Irrigation Analysis’)
Due to the issue mention above has resulted to the
need of this research work, the research sees the problem and seek to highlight
possible ways to solve this ugly manner facing our country.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Having in mind the issues that arise or brought about
this research work, the researcher seeks to address and create a channel among
the citizens of the community the effect hospitality and the tourism industry
has to the employment rate of the nation at large. This work objectives will
also cover the following;
1.Job creation in the industry to the community
2.Highlights on courses of unemployment
3.To identify the programmes of Tourism and
Hospitality industry in creating employment.
4.To find out problems encountered by the Tourism and
Hospitality industry in creating employment in oyun local government, kwara
state
5.To determine the contributions of Tourism and
Hospitality industry towards the growth of Nigeria economy.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if
you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount
into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08140350866 or 08058580848
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank
alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AKINYEMI OLUWATOSIN
Account Number: 3022179389
Bank: FIRST BANK.
OR
Account Name: AKINYEMI OLUWATOSIN
Account Number: 2060566256
Bank: UBA.
OR
Account Name: AKINYEMI OLUWATOSIN
Account Number: 0042695344
Bank: Diamond
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there
are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and
chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you
that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site.
Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For
your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of
payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD.
These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the
materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new
copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it
affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If
you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to
copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08058580848, 08140350866
YOU CAN ALSO VISIT:
www.achieverprojectmaterial.com
www.acheiversprojectmaterials.com
www.achieversprojectmaterials.com
www.naijasplash.com
www.achieversprojectmaterials.blogspot.com
www.achieverprojectmaterial.blogspot.com
www.acheiversprojectmaterials.blogspot.com
www.archieverprojectmaterials.blogspot.com
www.acheiversprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng
www.archieverprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng
www.achieversprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng
www.achieverprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng
www.achieverprojectmaterial.wordpress.com
www.achieversprojectmaterials.wordpress.com
www.acheiversprojectmaterials.wordpress.com
www.archieverprojectmaterials.wordpress.com
No comments:
Post a Comment