ABSTRACT
The project focused on the roles of
transportation in tourism industry as it described the benefits that will be
gained from tourism in the country provided the transport system in well
developed. This project work covers area such as the definitions of tourism and
transportation, the relationship between transportation and tourism, elements
of transportation, modes of transportation, importance of transportation in
Nigeria and its roles in tourism industry. The method used in carrying out the
research were questionnaire administration and personal observation.
Recommendation includes the development of the transport modes in the country,
publicity about the tourist sites through the use of A-Z brochure about tourist
sites in Nigeria provision of infrastructures and superstructures to tourist
sites. Private sectors should likewise participate. In the development of
transportation. Holiday relief should be given to the working population of the
country to participate in tourism.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
In
world of change, one constant in the last quarter of the twentieth century has
been the sustained growth of tourism both as an activity and an industry
(occupation).
Leiper
(2000:3) defined tourism as a whole range of individuals, businesses,
organisations and placed which combine in some way to deliver a travel
experience. Tourism is a multi dimensional multi-faceted activity which touches
many lives and many different economic activities that is, it can be used for
the development of the concerned areas if properly utilised by both the
government and private sectors.
Tourism
can be viewed as a situation in which the visitors interact with the hosts.
This clearly means that tourism is the movement of people from their usual
place of residence to another (destination) for either pleasure, recreation or
other purpose.
The
main things that can be deduced from the brief description of tourism above is
that, it has to deal with the movement of people (transportation) from their
usual place of residence to another. Also, the stay which deals with either
leisure, pleasure or recreation is obviously not connected with any remunerated
activity and for the desired result to be achieved, it has to be over 24hours
but less than a year.
However,
in the process of tourists carrying out the various tourism activities, there
is need for a moving conveyance which is transportation. Osinubi (2006:1)
defined transportation as the movement of people, goods and services from one
place to another. The extent of accessibility of an area determines the inflow
of tourist to such sites. A tourist attraction must be thrilling, exciting and
beautiful which are parts of the real motivating factors for tourism
activities.
1.1 Background of the Study
Transportation
as both heritage and contemporary attraction has been under valued by tourism
and leisure promoters. However, it is increasingly being recognized that transport
has significant potential both its own right and in combination with other
locally or regional based attraction.
The
transport experience can be the primary reason if not exclusive tourism
experience, embracing qualities of heritage nostalgia, education, uniqueness,
added value and entertainment.
Also,
certain form of transportation offers a unique transport experience based on
the nature of the transport and location it is set in, thereby contributing to
the easy movement to the place. The unique transport experience increases the
demand for transportation.
Transportation
as one of the features of the tourism industry is as old as human existence. In
ancient times, before tourism came into realization, people move on foot and
travel a along distance through a lot of time was wasted, because the primitive
means of transportation was used. Modern day transportation came into existence
due to the limitation placed on the places that can be reached on foot and has
greatly contributed to the development of tourism.
Objectively, it can be
deduced that it deals with the movement of people from place to place to place
for leisure, recreation, pleasure etc.
Tourism as a neglected
area of culture in Nigeria is of no doubt a recently introduced course in
higher institutions. It is facing a lot of problem such as illiteracy,
misconception of term etc. A lot has been done and is still going on to
alleviate these problems by different organizations e.g. United Nations World
Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), Association of Nigeria Journalist and Writers of
Tourism (ANJET), Nigeria Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) etc.
Conclusively, tourism
and transportation are two inseparable twin as one helps the other which means
the role transport plays in tourism can not be under emphasized.
1.2 Objective of the Study
The
study is going to analyze the roles of transportation in tourism industry and
the various modes available. Also, the various problem that are likely to
affect the expected role transportation plays in tourism industry. Furthermore,
it is going to link the development of tourism in Nigeria to the extent of
development of transportation.
Government
will also get to know of the negative impacts of poor transportation networks
on tourism and ways these can be tackled for proper tourists’ flow into Nigeria
especially the tourism destinations thereby benefiting from tourism.
1.3 Scope or Limitation of the Study
The
research work will be limited to ABC transport company as the case study under
which the roles of transportation in tourism industry will be viewed.
ABC
Transport Company been a good and reputable transport company which has helped
in the promotion of tourism and movement of tourist in and around Nigeria.
The
research will also focus on the roles of transportation in tourism industry
covering the determinants, importances, modes of transportation system and the
relationship between transportation and tourism industry.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The
study intends to show the relationship between transportation and tourism,
importance of transportation in Nigeria, roles of transportation in tourism
industry and to show tourists the various modes that can be used to reach a
particular tourist destination. In conclusion, it tends to show the effects of
poor transport system on tourism development in Nigeria.
1.5 Statement of Problem
The
tourism and transport sectors have a lot of problem on the increase on state
affairs as based on the followings.
A
lot of set backs has been experienced by tourism sector in the country in the
last few years. This is due to a lot of factors as religious clashes and
frequent ethnical problems likewise, hostages in oil producing areas which have
tempered with the security system of the country.
Lack
of awareness programme to encourage people to visit places. Also, available
roads to many of our attractions are not motorable, poor electrification of the
sites, inadequate accommodation facilities. Most of the centres are still
without a suitable communication networks.
1.6 Research Questions
The
following research questions are some of the questions to be used in the
process of this study.
- Are
there any impact of transportation system on tourism development in Nigeria.
- Are
there are relationship between transportation and tourism industry?
- Are
there any government’s participation in tourism industry in reference to
transport system in Nigeria?
-
Does transportation development contribute to the level of revenue from
tourism industry?
1.6 Definition of Terms
- Tourism:
It is the relationship of phenomenon arising from voluntary travel and stay of
an individual away from his/her usual place of residence to a pre-determined
destination in search of pleasure, leisure etc. and not connected with any
remunerated activity.
- Visitor:
Someone travelling from his place of usual residence to another place but not
primarily for tourism activities though he/she might enjoy it during the stay
in the area.
- Hotel:
According to the proprietors act of 1956, a hotel is an establishment offering
food, drinks and sleeping accommodation if so required by travellers who appear
able and willing to pay for services and facilities provided.
- Travel
Agent: It is an organisation who acts as an intermediary between tour operators
and tourists by providing the various services needed by both parties though
has a principal who he is directly responsible to. Such services are transport
companies, hotel groups, travellers cheque, visas etc.
- Tour:
It is a journey for pleasure during which several places of interest are
visited.
- Tour
Operator: It is the manufacturer of a tourism product who organizes and sells
tour.
- Tourist
destination: It refers to the place the attractions are physically sited. Also,
it is a geographical unit visited by tourists which may be self contained,
centre, a village, a town or city, district in an area, region, island, a
country or a continent.
- Transportation:
It refers to the act of moving tourist and the services required by them from
one place to another.
- Industry:
A branch of commercial enterprises concerned with the output of a specified
product or service.
- International
tourism: It is a type of tourism that involves tourists travelling from their
own country to another place, mainly crossing the international boundaries.
- Domestic
Tourism: It means the movement of tourists within the same country for either
leisure, pleasure etc.
- Tourist
market: It is defined by reference to the composite product, the seller
(producer) who supplies it and the buyer (tourist) who exercises the demand for
it.
REFERENCE
Ayodele
(2002), Essentials of Tourism Management. Published by El- shaddai
global ventures Ltd NO 15 Ayo, Ilorin Street, Mokola, Ibadan,
Chris
Looper, John Fletcher, David Gilbert and Stephen Wanhill (1999): Tourism
Principle and Practice. Published by Rebecca Shepherd.
Collins
English Dictionary
Laurence
Urdang Associates Ltd., Aylesbury P.O. Box, Glasgow G4 ONB, Great Britain.
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