CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Mathematical thinking is important
for all members of a modern society as a habit of mind for its use in the work
place, business and finance; and for personal decisions making.
Mathematics is fundamental to
national prosperity in providing tools for understanding science, engineering
technology and economics. It is essential in public decision making and
for participation in the knowledge
economy.
Math anxiety is an intense emotional
feeling of anxiety that people have about their ability to understand and do
mathematics. People who suffer from math anxiety feel that they are incapable
of doing activities and classes that involve math. Some math anxious people
even have a fear of math; it’s called math phobia. The incidence of math
anxiety among tertiary institution students has risen significantly over the last
decae. Many students have even chosen their tertiary institution major in the
basis of how little math is required for the degree.
Student’s gender is significant
factor for math Anxiety. The study of math anxiety shows, there are gender
differences in math anxiety among younger students, though it appears that
during the elementary and junior tertiary institution years, boys express
slightly more positive affect about math than do girls (Aiken 1970) [4]. During
the tertiary institution and tertiary institution years Female students report
more anxiety about math than do male students (Betz, 1978) [7] Numerous studies
have shown that male achievement in math is higher. Due to the fact that gender
differences do not appear until around puberty. Boys and girls have similar
mathematics and science proficiency scores on tests at the age of 9, but a gap
begins to appear at around age 13, early findings showed that children (boys
and girl) did not differ in their math performance during elementary school but
that differences began to appear in middle school and increased with time and
schooling (Fennema& Sherman 1978) [16] Moreover, mathematics is often
labeled as a masculine ability as a result, girls often have low confidence in
their math capabilities. These gender stereotypes can reinforce low confidence
in girls and can cause math anxiety. However, a note of cautious has to be
added while describing gender as a major variable effecting math anxiety. For
example, Gierl and Bisanz (1995) [17] finds no significant gender difference
for math anxiety, on the other had Campbell and Evans (1997) [9]
finds that females exhibit more mathematics
anxiety in tertiary institution and in tertiary institution.
(Fennema and Sherman, 1978) [16].
Females display more math anxiety than males in tertiary institution and
tertiary institution. (woodand T. 2004) [24].
Statement of the problem
Parents have the most influence on
adolescent course-taking and career choices, with the mother being the
most influential of all this was the finding in a 2001 report in the social
psychology of education. Parental encouragement in math has been found to
significantly influence student’s learning experiences and attitude towards
math. Infact, student’s grades in math were higher when students perceived that
their parents were encouraging their effort in math. Dave and Dave (1971) [12]
investigated the relationship of parental education on caste with the academic
achievement. They found that higher percentages of rank holder belong to homes
with higher parental education where as a higher percentages of failed students
belong to those who have lower parental education. Bridge et al (1979), and
Glasman and Biniaminov (1981) [8, 18] concluded that the achievement level of a
student in math is directly proportional to the level of his parent’s
education.
Objectives
1.
To compare the mathematics anxiety of
secondary
school students on gender basis.
2.
To study the influence
of parental education on mathematics
anxiety of students.
Hypotheses
1.
There is no significant difference in
the mathematics
anxiety of male and female students.
2.
There is no significant difference among the different categories of parent
education and mathematics anxiety of students.
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